Understanding the RFC Number

What Is an RFC Number?

The Registro Federal de Contribuyentes (RFC) is Mexico’s federal tax ID number. It’s required for anyone earning income or conducting business in Mexico, including temporary and permanent residents.

RFC Number Structure

Individuals:

Thirteen characters: Four letters (derived from the name), six numbers (YYMMDD birthdate), and three unique digits.
Example: Paternal last name + maternal last name + first name + birthdate + 3 additional alphanumeric characters.

Corporations:

Twelve characters: Three letters (entity name), six numbers (incorporation date), and three unique digits.

Differences Between RFC and CURP

RFC and CURP are unique identification numbers but serve different purposes. Here’s a quick comparison:

Meaning:

RFC: Federal Taxpayers Registry
CURP: Unique Population Registry Number

Issuer:

RFC: SAT (Tax Administration Service)
CURP: RENAPO (National Population Registry)

Length:

RFC: 13 digits for individuals, 12 for corporations.
CURP: 18 digits for individuals only.

Purpose:

RFC: Identifies taxpayers for filing taxes.
CURP: Identifies residents and citizens.

Structure:

RFC: Includes name, birthdate, and unique digits.
CURP: Includes name, birthdate, gender, state of birth, inner consonants of names, and a verifying digit.

Why Do You Need an RFC?

As of 2022, all residents in Mexico over 18 years old must have an RFC, regardless of income. This measure is designed to prevent identity theft and improve tax compliance.